Total | Controls | WLWH | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
n = 145 | n = 62 | n = 83 | ||
Age, median [IQR] | 37 [28–43] | 31 [23–41] | 39 [34–43] | 0.003 |
Race/Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
White | 59 (45) | 28 (45) | 31 (37) | 0.02 |
Indigenous | 39 (37) | 11 (18) | 28 (34) | |
African/Caribbean/Black | 24 (17) | 8 (13) | 16 (19) | |
Other/unknown | 23 (17) | 15 (24) | 8 (10) | |
Education, n (%) | ||||
≤ High School Graduate | 59 (41) | 16 (26) | 43 (52) | < 0.001 |
Some Post Secondary | 76 (52) | 45 (73) | 31 (37) | |
Income, n (%) | ||||
< $15,000/y | 60 (42) | 19 (30) | 41 (49) | 0.006 |
≥ $15,000/y | 75 (52) | 42 (68) | 33 (37) | |
Number of Pregnancies, median [IQR] | 2 [0–4] | 0 [0–2] | 3 [1–5] | < 0.001 |
Current Smoker, n (%) | 43 (30) | 9 (15) | 34 (41) | < 0.001 |
Illicit Drug Use◊, n (%) | 8 (6) | 1 (2) | 7 (8) | 0.1 |
Prescribed Opiate Use, n (%) | 31(21) | 2 (3) | 29 (35) | < 0.001 |