Table 2 Summary findings for the types identified, the findings of the studies and the overall range of prevalence
WHO typology | Outcome of tnterest | Findings | Reported/calculated prevalence | Overall range of prevalence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Typology No. Six: “Poor rapport between women and providers” | ||||
“Ineffective communication” | “Overall satisfaction of women with communication of midwives and physicians during labor and birth” [47] | 58.4% of women were generally satisfied with communication of midwives and physicians during their labor and delivery N = 1196 | Reported prevalence is 58.4% of women were generally satisfied with communication of midwives and physicians during their labor and delivery | 24.4% to 74.7% of women were satisfied with the communication throughout the birthing process |
Satisfaction with health workers’ attitude [56] | Welcoming at admission prior to arrival to the ward (Yes 78.25%), If the medical team identified himself to the patient (Yes 23.75%), Badly handling of the patient "bad medical team behavior" (Yes 21.25%), Courtesy, full attention and helpfulness of the medical team towards patients (Always 41.5%, usually 48.5%, sometimes 10%, never 0) N = 400 | Assume always and usually = Yes Calculated prevalence is 67.7% of women were satisfied with health workers’ attitude | ||
Satisfaction with health workers’ communication skills [56] | Explanation of the treatment plan for delivery to mothers (yes 61.25%), Encouragement to ask about plan of treatment (yes 26.8%), Encouragement to ask about discharge time (yes 11.25%), Tell mothers about fasting before operation (yes 94.2%), Give instruction of care before discharge (yes 92.5%) N = 400 | Calculated prevalence is 57.2% of women were satisfied with the health workers’ communication skills | ||
“Mothers’ experience of care related to client-provider interaction” [57] | “The way doctor treated her” (Excellent/good 301, satisfactory 56, bad/very bad 78), “The way nurse treated her” (Excellent/good 349, satisfactory 39, bad/very bad 47), Privacy maintained (Yes 374 No 61), “Provider listened to her questions” (Yes 224 No 31 didn't ask 180), “Provider explained her health status” (Yes 310, No 125), “Mother informed about baby's condition” (Yes 178 No 257) N = 435 | Assume excellent/ good = Yes Calculated prevalence is 66.5% of women having positive experience of care related to client provider interaction | ||
Satisfaction with “interpersonal aspect of care” [57] | “Privacy maintained during care” (Total satisfied 88.7%), “Encouragement at delivery” (Total satisfied 82%), “The way doctor treated them” (Total satisfied 69.2%), “The way nurses treated them” (Total satisfied 77.7%), “The way workers treated them” (Total satisfied 56.1%) N = 435 | Calculated Prevalence is 74.7% of women were satisfied with interpersonal aspect of care | ||
Dissatisfaction with intrapartum care [54] | X = 22.40; SD +—4.06; range 12–31 Findings indicated that the majority of women were not satisfied with intrapartum care Prevalence 75.6% of women were dissatisfied with intrapartum care N = 320 | Calculated prevalence is 24.4% of women were satisfied with intrapartum care | ||
Satisfaction with childbirth experience [55] | X = 111.6 SD + −15.5; range 57–153 Women were not satisfied with their childbirth experience | No prevalence | ||
“Not talked to any health professional about how they felt about what happened during labor and birth” [54] | Numbers were not clear to calculate the prevalence | No prevalence | ||
Women’s satisfaction [51] | X = 133.3; range 45–155 High level of satisfaction | No prevalence | ||
“Lack of supportive care” | “Presence of birth support persons” [53] | 16% of women had birth support persons presented | Reported prevalence is 16% of women had birth support persons presented | 4.14% to 16% of women had supportive care throughout the birthing process |
“Presence of companion” [57] | 4.14% of women has companion presented with them N = 435 | Reported prevalence is 4.14% of women has companion presented with them | ||
Women’s satisfaction [51] | X = 133.3; range 45–155 High level of satisfaction | No prevalence | ||
“Loss of autonomy” | “Women’s authority during childbirth” [53] | 36% of women had authority during childbirth in institutions N = 69 | Reported prevalence is 36% of women had authority during childbirth | 35% to 36% of women had autonomy throughout the birthing process *These two studies measured the same outcome within the same study methodological characteristics, but resulted with different numbers, and since it was not possible to decide on which number to consider, both prevalence were considered for the analysis |
“Women’s perceived authority at birth” [52] | 35% perceived own authority during childbirth in institutions N = 68 | Reported prevalence is 35% of women perceived own authority during childbirth in institutions | ||
Women’s satisfaction [51] | X = 133.3; range 45–155 High level of satisfaction | No prevalence | ||
“Women’s perception of control” [51] | X = 44.9; range 10–70 Average level of perceived control in labor | No prevalence | ||
“Perceived control during childbirth experience” [55] | X = 81.8 SD + −9.4; range 58–107 Women perceived that they had little control over their childbirth experience | No prevalence | ||
Satisfaction with childbirth experience [55] | X = 111.6 SD + −15.5; range 57–153 Women were not satisfied with their childbirth experience | No prevalence | ||
“Own choice of birth attendance” [53] | 72.5% of women had their own choice of birth attendance/location (there is no prevalence for own choice of birth attendance only) N = 69 | No prevalence | ||
Typology No. Seven: “Health system conditions and constraints” | ||||
“Lack of resources” | Privacy sensation during hospital stay [56] | 42.7% were least satisfied with privacy sensation during hospital stay N = 400 | Reported prevalence is 57.3% of women were satisfied with privacy sensation during hospital stay | 55.5% to 89% of women were satisfied with the resources throughout the birthing process |
Maternal satisfaction related to facilities available in hospital [56] | •Breadth of the patient's or labor wardroom (Excellent 21.5%, very good 45%, good 0, suitable 33.5%, poor 0), Quietness in the patient's room (Excellent 0, very good 41.5%, good 55.5%, suitable 3%, poor 0), Cleanliness of the patient's room (Excellent 0, very good 31.25%, good 58%, suitable 10.75%, poor 0), Hand hygiene of the medical team (Excellent 0, very good 28.75%, good 50.75%, suitable 20.5%, poor 0), Bathroom facilities and cleanliness (Excellent 3.2%, very good 0, good 57%, suitable 39.8%, poor 0), Quality of food (No food 7%, excellent 0, very good 6.5%, good 38.25%, suitable 48.25%, poor 0) N = 400 | Assume excellent, very good and good = Yes Calculated prevalence is 72.8% of women were satisfied regarding facilities available in hospital | ||
Satisfaction with “technical aspect of care” [57] | “Availability of medical facilities” (Total satisfied 62.9%), “Competency of care provider” (Total satisfied 92%), Health advice (Total satisfied 11.7%) N = 435 | Calculated prevalence is 55.5% of women were satisfied with technical aspect of care | ||
“Satisfaction with physical environment” [57] | Cleanliness (Total satisfied 93.6%), Availability of beds (Total satisfied 95.2%), Sanitary facilities (Total satisfied 78.2%) N = 435 | Calculated prevalence is 89% of women were satisfied with physical environment | ||
Satisfaction with “outcome of care” [57] | “Health condition of mothers” (Total satisfied 86.4%), “Health condition of the newborn” (Total satisfied 90.3%) N = 435 | Calculated prevalence is 88.4% of women were satisfied with outcome of care | ||
Postpartum care [50] | 81.7% in 2005 and 89.8% in 2008 of women received postpartum care after delivery in the hospital N = 9845 in 2005 and N = 7896 in 2008 | Reported prevalence is 85.75% of women received postpartum care after delivery in the hospital | ||
“Mothers’ overall satisfaction with delivery care” [57] | 63% of women were satisfied with the quality of delivery care they received at the hospital N = 435 | Reported prevalence is 63% of women were satisfied with the quality of delivery care they received at the hospital | ||
“General satisfaction with care during labor” [47] | 78% of women were generally satisfied with care during labor N = 1196 | Reported prevalence is 78% of women were generally satisfied with care during labor | ||
Women’s satisfaction with intrapartum care [48] | Most women (98.7%) reported that they were satisfied with the care they received, but without distinguishing between women who gave birth in a health facility (78.8%) and women who gave birth at home (20.4%) | No prevalence | ||
Satisfaction with childbirth experience [55] | X = 111.6 SD + −15.5; range 57–153 Women were not satisfied with their childbirth experience | No prevalence | ||
Attendance of anyone that they didn’t want to be there [54] | Numbers were not clear to calculate the prevalence | No prevalence | ||
Women’s satisfaction [51] | X = 133.3; range 45–155 High level of satisfaction | No prevalence | ||
“Lack of policies” | Mother-infant proximity [53] | “Skin-to-skin” (0), “Wrapped/dressed in arms” (15%, 10/66), “Separate bed/elsewhere near” (39.4%, 26/66), “Other place in room but out of contact” (36.4%, 24/66), “Separate room/place out of sight” (9%, 6/66) N = 66 | Assume “skin-to-skin”, “wrapped/ dressed in arms”, “separate bed/ elsewhere near” = Yes Calculated prevalence is 54.4% of women had close contact with their newborn after delivery | 54.4% to 78.5% of women were satisfied with the policies throughout the birthing process |
Satisfaction with the admission process [56] | 73.5% were satisfied with the admission process N = 400 | Reported prevalence is 73.5% of women were satisfied with the admission process | ||
General assessment of the childbirth process [56] | Excellent 0, very good 23%, good 55.5%, suitable 16.25%, poor 5.25% N = 400 | Assume excellent, very good and good = Yes Calculated prevalence is 78.5% of women were satisfied with the childbirth process | ||
Satisfaction with childbirth experience [55] | X = 111.6 SD + −15.5; range 57–153 Women were not satisfied with their childbirth experience | No prevalence | ||
Women’s satisfaction [51] | X = 133.3; range 45–155 High level of satisfaction | No prevalence | ||
Typology No. Five: “Failure to meet professional standards” | ||||
Physical examinations and procedures | Satisfaction with childbirth experience [55] | X = 111.6 SD + −15.5; range 57–153 Women were not satisfied with their childbirth experience | No prevalence | |