GDM group (n = 35) | Pre-gestational DM (n = 35) | Control group (n = 35) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
DT inspiration (mm) | 2.61 ± 0.17ab | 2.69 ± 0.17a | 2.53 ± 0.18b | 0.001 |
DT expiration (mm) | 2.45 ± 0.18ab | 2.54 ± 0.15a | 2.35 ± 0.20b | < 0.001 |
DE (mm) | 5.55 (5.30–5.80)a | 5.20 (5.10–5.45)b | 5.90 (5.60–6.20)c | < 0.001 |
CDA Inspiration (degrees) | 61.71 ± 3.78a | 57.86 ± 3.42b | 62.09 ± 3.79a | < 0.001 |
CDA expiration (degrees) | 50 (46–51) | 51 (46–53) | 50 (48–52) | 0.662 |
DTF | 6.53 (5.56–8.57)ab | 5.84 (5–7.14)a | 6.67 (5.88–9.43)b | 0.045 |