Table 4 Multilevel mixed effects analysis of individual and neighbourhood factors associated with MSP among young male and female

Age

 15–17RC

1

1

1

1

 18–19

4.56 (3.58–5.82)***

4.54 (3.58)***

4.86 (3.23–7.29)***

4.71 (3.16–7.03)***

 20–24

12.62 (9.93–1602)***

12.08 (9.60–15.19)***

14.01 (9.09–21-59)***

13.42 (8.70–20.68)***

Education

 Primary or less education. RC

1

1

1

 Secondary

1.21 (0.81–1.80)

1.42 (0.93–2.14)*

2.09 (1.34–3.28)***

2.02 (1.25–3.26)***

 Higher

1.01 (0.58–1.77)

1.36 (0.76–2.41)

7.12 (1.88–21.03)**

6.50 (1.66–25.56)

Employment status

 No RC

1

1

1

1

 Yes

1.28 (0.89–1.85)

1.44 (0.99–2.08)*

1.56 (0.95–2.54)

2.05 (1.24–3.41)**

Household number

 1–4

1

1

1

1

 4–5

3.05 (0.83–1.32)

1.07 (0.85–1.34)

0.79 (0.54–1.15)

0.83 (0.57–1.21)

 7 + 

1.20 (0.97–1.50)*

1.16 (0.93–1.46)*

0.80 (0.55–1.15)

0.85 (0.59–1.22)

Family structure

 Male headed

1

1

1

1

 Female headed

1.37 (1.16–1.62)***

1.13 (0.93–1.38)

0.73 (0.55–0.95)**

0.90 (0.66–1.23)

Place of residence

 Urban

1

1

1

1

 Rural

0.93 (0.75–1.15)

0.98 (0.77–1.26)

0.80 (0.56–1.15)

0.99 (0.64–1.53)

Province of residence

 Western Cape

1

1

1

1

 Eastern Cape

1.78 (1.65–2.71)**

1.88 (1.16–3.06)**

1.57 (0.71–3.46)

3.27 (1.28–8.33)*

 Northern cape

1.06 (0.69–1.61)

1.05 (0.65–1.70)

1.20 (0.53–2.72)

1.66 (0.64–4.32)

 Free State

0.88 (0.57–1.35)

0.77 (0.47–1.26)

0.90 (0.40–2.03)

1.57 (0.60–4.06)

 Kwazulu-natal

0.84 (0.56–1.26)

0.67 (0.41–1.06)

0.76 (0.35–1.65)

0.85 (0.34–2.08)

 Northern west

1.32 (0.84–2.07)

1.32 (0.78–2.22)

0.94 (0.41–2.16)

1.26 (0.47–3.37)

 Guanteng

1.45 (0.92–2.28)*

1.33 (0.79–2.23)

1.16 (0.49–2.72)

1.66 (0.60–4.55)

 Mpumalanga

1.63 (1.05–2.54)*

1/71 (1.03–2.84)*

0.95 (0.43–2.12)

1.40 (0.55–3.63)

 Limpopo

0.79 (0.51–1.24)

0.71 (0.43–1.17)

0.79 (0.35–1.75)

0.94 (0.37–2.38)

Ethnic diversity

 Homogenous

1

1

1

1

 Heterogenous

0.49 (0.35–0.67)***

0.42 (0.29–0.61)***

0.33 (0.19–0.59)***

0.24 (0.12–0.46)***

Community poverty

 Low

1

1

1

1

 High

1.11 (0.90–1.36)

1.21 (0.95–1.53)

1.28 (0.93–1.77)

1.18 (0.80–1.73)

Community media exposure to contraception

 Low

1

1

1

1

 High

1.00 (0.44–1.20)

0.90 (0.74–1.10)

1.74 (1.31–2.30)***

1.41 (1.01–1.97)**

Community education

 Low

1

1

1

1

 High

0.97 (0.72–1.32)

0.86 (0.59–1.24)

1.43 (1.01–2.04)*

1.30 (0.84–2.02)

Residential mobility

 No

1

1

1

1

 Yes

1.25 (1.02–1.53)**

1.09 (0.86–1.38)

1.79 (1.25–2.54)***

1.30 (0.86–1.73)

Random effects

 Community variance (SE)

0.46 (0.02)***

0.48 (0.66)***

0.50 (1.06)***

094 (0.16)***

0.61 (0.14)***

0.74 (0.17)***

 VPC = ICC (%)

0.060608

0.080608

0.10807

0.21295

0.10176

0.141975

 Explained variation PCV (%)

− 24.57

86

100

− 47.7182

29.41192

1.515404

Model fit statistics

 Log Likelihood

− 1467.84

− 1736.63

− 1410.81

− 667.542

− 799.985

− 636.892

 AIC

2953.682

3507.252

2869.619

1353.083

1633.97

1321.783