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Table 3 Proportion of enrolled pregnant adolescents and women achieving each of the UNAIDS 90–90–90 targets and overall HIV viral suppression in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

From: Viral suppression among pregnant adolescents and women living with HIV in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a cross sectional study to assess progress towards UNAIDS indicators and Implications for HIV Epidemic Control

Characteristics

HIV testing and linkage to care cascade

Overall HIV viral suppression at viral load < 400 copies per mL among all HIV positive participants

“First 90”

“Second 90”

“Third 90”

Knowledge of HIV status

HIV positive and on ART

HIV viral suppression at viral load < 400 copies per mL among participants aware of HIV status and reporting to be on ART

n/N

% (95% CI)

n/N

% (95% CI)

n/N

% (95% CI)

n/N

% (95% CI)

Overall

180/213

84.5 (79.0- 88.8)

173/176

98.3 (95.1–99.4)

165/172

95.9 (91.8–98.0)

198/218

90.8 (86.3–94.0)

Socio-demographic characteristics

  

 Age group in years

        

  14–19

18/26

69.2 (50.0–83.5)

16/18

88.9 (67.2–96.9)

16/16

100 (80.6–100)

24/29

82.8 (65.5–92.4)

  20–24

41/54

75.9 (63.1–85.4)

37/37

100 (90.6–100)

35/37

94.6 (82.3–98.5)

49/55

89.1 (78.2–94.9)

  25–29

49/56

87.5 (76.3–93.8)

49/49

100 (92.7–100)

47/49

95.9 (86.3–98.9)

54/57

94.7 (85.6–98.2)

  ≥ 30

72/77

93.5 (85.7–97.2)

71/72

98.6 (92.5–99.8)

67/70

95.7 (88.1–98.5)

71/77

92.2 (84.0–96.4)

 Education levels

        

  Completed high school

86/109

78.9 (70.3–85.5)

98/110

89.1(81.9–93.6)

81/84

96.4 (90.0–98.8)

98/110

89.1 (83.3–94.9)

  Incomplete high school

94/104

90.3 (83.2–94.7)

98/106

92.5(85.8—96.1)

84/88

95.5 (88.9–98.2)

98/106

92.5 (87.4–97.5)

 Household income per month

       

  ≤ ZAR 5000

85/96

88.5 (80.6–93.5)

82/83

98.8 (93.5–99.8)

78/81

96.3 (89.7–98.7)

87/95

91.6 (84.3–95.7)

  > ZAR 5000

37/46

80.4 (66.8–89.3)

36/36

100 (90.4–100)

34/36

94.4 (81.9–98.5)

44/48

91.7 (80.4–96.7)

  Don’t know

57/69

82.6 (72.0–89.8)

54/56

96.4 (87.9–99.0)

52/54

96.3 (87.5–99.0)

63/71

88.7 (79.3–94.2)

 Marital status

        

  Married

26/26

100 (87.1–100)

26/26

100 (87.1–100)

25/25

100 (86.7–100)

  

25/25

100 (86.7–100)

  Unmarried

154/187

82.4 (76.3–87.1)

147/150

98.0 (94.3–99.3)

140/147

95.2 (90.5–97.7)

171/191

89.5 (84.4–93.1)

Family characteristics

  

 Biological mother alive

        

  Yes

110/129

85.3 (78.1–90.4)

104/107

97.2 (92.1–99.0)

97/103

94.2 (87.9–97.3)

118/132

89.4 (83.0–93.6)

  No

68/82

82.9 (73.4–89.5)

67/67

100 (94.6–100)

66/67

98.5 (92.0–99.7)

76/82

92.7(84.9–96.6)

  Don’t know

2/2

100 (34.2–100)

2/2

100 (34.2–100)

2/2

100 (34.2–100)

2/2

100 (34.2–100)

 Biological father alive

        

  Yes

67/80

83.8 (74.2–90.3)

62/64

96.9 (89.3–99.1)

58/61

95.1(86.5–98.3)

69/80

86.3 (77.0–92.1)

  No

110/130

84.6 (77.4–89.8)

108/109

99.1 (95.0–99.8)

104/108

96.3 (90.9–98.6)

124/133

93.2 (87.6–96.4)

  Don’t know

3/3

100 (43.9–100)

3/3

100 (43.9–100)

3/3

100 (43.9–100)

3/3

100 (43.9–100)

Behavioral characteristics

  

 Age at first sex

        

  At ≤ 16 years

9/11

81.8 (52.3–94.9)

8/9

88.9 (56.5–98.0)

8/8

100 (67.6–100)

10/12

83.3 (55.2–95.3)

   At 17–18 years

21/29

72.4 (54.3–85.3)

19/20

95.0 (76.4–99.1)

18/19

96.4 (91.9–98.5)

24/30

89.3 (80.9–94.3)

  At > 18 years

144/167

86.2 (80.2–90.6)

140/141

99.3 (96.1–99.9))

134/139

96.4 (91.9–98.5)

156/167

93.4 (88.6–96.3)

  Refused

6/6

100 (61–100)

6/6

100 (61–100)

5/5

83.3 (43.6–97.0)

8/9

88.9 (56.5–98.0)

 Total number of lifetime sex partners

  

  1 partner

17/20

85.0 (64.0–94.8)

17/17

100 (81.6–100)

14/17

82.4 (59.0–93.8)

17/21

81.0 (60.0–92.3)

  2 or more partners

144/172

83.7 (77.5 -88.5)

138/140

98.6 (94.9–99.6)

135/138

97.8 (93.8–99.3)

162/175

92.6 (87.7–95.6)

  Don’t know/Refused

19/21

90.5 (71.1–97.3)

18/19

94.7 (75.4–99.1)

16/17

94.1 (73.0–99.0)

17/20

85.0 (64.0–94.7)

 Total number of current sex partners

  

  1 partner

171/203

82.2 (78.6–88.6)

165/167

98.8 (95.7–99.7)

157/164

95.7 (91.5–97.9)

188/206

91.3 (86.6–94.4)

  2 or more partners

1/1

100 (20.7–100)

1/1

100 (20.7–100)

1/1

100 (20.7–100)

1/1

100 (20.7–100)

  Refused

8/9

88.9 (56.6–98.0)

7/8

87.5 (52.9–97.8)

7/7

100 (64.6–100)

7/9

77.8 (50.6–94.8)

 Alcohol use

  

  No

112/134

83.6 (76.4–88.9)

109/111

98.2 (93.7–99.5)

101/108

93.5 (87.2–96.8)

120/135

88.9 (82.5–93.1)

  Yes

68/79

86.1 (76.8 -92.0)

64/65

98.5 (91.8–99.7)

64/64

100 (94.3–100)

76/81

93.8 (86.4–97.3)

 Drug use

  

  No

156/184

84.8 (79.4–89.7)

152/154

98.7 (95.4–99.6))

144/151

95.4 (90.7–97.7)

169/186

90.9 (85.9–94.2)

  Yes

17/22

77.3 (56.6- 89.9)

15/16

93.8 (71.7–98.9)

15/15

100 (79.6–100)

20/23

87.0 (67.9–95.5)

 HIV Testing history

  

 Last HIV test done

        

  > 12 months

64/69

92.8 (84.1–96.9)

64/64

100 (94.4–100)

60/63

95.2 (86.9–98.4)

62/68

91.2(82.1–95.9)

  ≤ 12 months

116/144

80.6 (73.3–86.2)

109/112

97.3 (92.4–99.1)

105/109

96.3 (90.9–98.5)

130/144

90.3(84.3–94.1)

Clinical characteristics

  

 Pregnancies

   

  Current only

52/71

73.2(61.9–82.1)

48/50

96.0 (86.5–98.9)

46/48

95.8 (86.0–98.8)

64/73

87.7 (78.2–93.4)

  2 or more

127/141

90.1 (84.0 -94.0)

124/125

99.2 (95.6–99.9)

118/123

95.9 (90.8–98.3)

131/142

92.3(86.7–95.6)

 The first time that you had sex, was your partner circumcised

  

  No

113/125

90.4 (84.0–94.4)

109/110

99.1 (95.0–99.8)

102/108

94.4 (88.4–97.4)

114/127

89.8 (83.3–93.9)

  Yes

30/41

73.2 (58.1–84.3)

30/30

100 (88.6–100)

30/30

100 (88.6–100)

41/42

97.6 (87.7–99.6)

  Don’t know

28/37

75.7 (59.9–86.6)

26/27

96.3 (81.7–99.3)

25/26

96.2 (81.1–99.3)

33/37

89.2 (75.3–95.7)

 Ever had any STI symptoms

  

  Yes

66/78

84.6 (75.0–91.0)

62/64

96.9 (89.3–99.1)

60/62

96.8 (89.0–99.1)

70/78

89.7 (81.0–94.7)

  No

114/135

84.4 (77.4–89.6)

111/112

99.1 (95.1–99.8)

105/110

95.5 (89.8–98.0)

126/138

91.3 (85.4–95.0)

 HSV-2 antibodies

  

  Positive

160/189

84.7 (78.8–89.1)

154/156

98.7 (95.4–99.6)

148/153

96.7 (92.6–98.6)

176/192

91.7 (86.9–94.8)

  Negative

20/24

83.3 (64.1–93.3)

19/20

95.0 (76.4–99.1)

17/19

89.5 (68.6–97.1)

22/26

84.6 (66.5–93.8)

  1. Missing data were excluded from percentage calculation
  2. Refused and don’t know data were included in percentage calculation
  3. IQR = Interquartile range; ZAR = South African Rand (ZAR15 ~ US$1); ART = Antiretroviral therapy; STI = sexually transmitted infections;
  4. Ever had any STI symptoms = any symptoms of abnormal vaginal discharge, burning or pain when passing urine, or presence of any genital ulcers/warts; HSV-2 = Herpes simplex virus type 2;