Table 4 Comparison of neonatal outcomes among indigenous adolescents and nonindigenous adolescents, indigenous adult women, and nonindigenous adult women
From: Pregnancy and childbirth outcomes among indigenous adolescents in Guatemala: a cohort study
Neonate data | Adolescents (10–19y) | Adult women (> 19y) | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indigenous (1) | Nonindigenous (2) | (1) vs. (2) | Indigenous (3) | (1) vs. (3) | Nonindigenous (4) | (1) vs. (4) | ||
n (%) | n (%) | p-value | n (%) | p-value | n (%) | p-value | ||
819 (10.18) | 813 (10.10) | 3324 (41.30) | 3092 (38.42) | 8048 | ||||
Status at birthb | 0.123 | 0.161 | 0.133 | 8047 | ||||
Alive | 817 (99.76) | 808 (99.38) | 3299 (99.28) | 3074 (99.42) | ||||
Any fetal death | 1 (0.12) | 5 (0.51) | 21 (0.63) | 16 (0.52) | ||||
Death Ignoredc | 1 (0.12) | 0 (0) | 3 (0.09) | 2 (0.06) | ||||
Missing | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |||
Birth weight (g)a | 0.009 | 0.035 | 0.145 | 8048 | ||||
< 2500 | 114 (13.92) | 152 (18.70) | 463 (13.93) | 456 (14.75) | ||||
2500–3999 | 705 (86.08) | 661 (81.30) | 2834 (85.26) | 2623 (84.23) | ||||
≥ 4000 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 27 (0.81) | 13 (0.42) | ||||
Gestational age (weeks)a | 0.156 | 0.976 | 0.212 | 8048 | ||||
< 37 | 67 (8.18) | 83 (10.21) | 273 (8.21) | 297 (9.61) | ||||
≥ 37 | 752 (91.82) | 730 (89.79) | 3051 (91.79) | 2795 (90.39) | ||||
Apgar 5th mina | 0.027 | 0.009 | 0.007 | 8043 | ||||
< 7 | 4 (0.49) | 13 (1.60) | 57 (1.72) | 55 (1.78) | ||||
≥ 7 | 814 (99.51) | 799 (98.40) | 3265 (98.28) | 2036 (98.22) | ||||
Missing | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 5 | |||
Resuscitation/oxygena | 0.697 | 0.276 | 0.126 | 8044 | ||||
No | 805 (98.41) | 800 (98.64) | 3251 (97.80) | 3014 (97.51) | ||||
Yes | 13 (1.59) | 11 (1.36) | 73 (2.20) | 77 (2.49) | ||||
Missing | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 4 | |||
Resuscitation/intubationa | 0.177 | 0.021 | 0.008 | |||||
No | 816 (99.76) | 806 (99.26) | 3287 (98.89) | 3050 (98.67) | 8045 | |||
Yes | 2 (0.24) | 6 (0.74) | 37 (1.11) | 41 (1.33) | ||||
Missing | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | |||
Newborn’s receptiona | 0.205 | 0.686 | 0.712 | 7974 | ||||
Physician | 804 (98.77) | 797 (99.38) | 3256 (98.94) | 3034 (98.92) | ||||
Other | 10 (1.23) | 5 (0.62) | 35 (1.06) | 33 (1.08) | ||||
Missing | 5 | 11 | 33 | 25 | 74 | |||
Birth defectsb | 0.623 | 1.000 | 0.477 | 8042 | ||||
No | 817 (99.88) | 810 (99.75) | 3316 (99.76) | 3078 (99.68) | ||||
Yes | 1 (0.12) | 2 (0.25) | 8 (0.24) | 10 (0.32) | ||||
Missing | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 6 | |||
Referredb | 0.558 | 0.637 | 0.271 | 7945 | ||||
Mother-baby room | 791 (97.53) | 786 (97.64) | 3197 (97.41) | 2985 (97.97) | ||||
Neonatal intensive care | 18 (2.22) | 19 (2.36) | 69 (2.10) | 60 (1.97) | ||||
Other hospital | 2 (0.25) | 0 (0) | 16 (0.49) | 2 (0.07) | ||||
Missing | 8 | 8 | 42 | 45 | 103 | |||