Table 1 Characteristics of the study population by type of birth, stratified by usual care and PPA group, Adequate Birth Project, Brazil, 2017/2018
Vaginal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 937) | Usual care (n = 214) | PPA (n = 723) | p-value | |
% (CI 95%) | % (CI 95%) | % (CI 95%) | ||
Woman's age (n = 937) | ||||
14–19 years | 2.6 (1.7–3.7) | 1.3 (0.4–4.0) | 3.0 (0.2–4.3) | 0.015 |
20–34 years | 69.6 (65.9–73.0) | 62.7 (54.7–70.0) | 71.6 (67.5–75.4) | |
35 or more years | 27.8 (24.5–31.4) | 36.0 (28.7–43.9) | 25.4 (21.7–29.4) | |
Woman’s education (n = 937) | ||||
Complete and incomplete high school | 29.3 (26.7–32.0) | 27.3 (21.58–33.9) | 29.8 (26.8–33.1) | 0.497 |
Complete and incomplete higher education | 70.6 (67.9–73.2) | 72.7 (66.0–78.4) | 70.1 (66.8–73.1) | |
Economic status (n = 935) | ||||
A | 18.5 (16.3–20.9) | 11.2 (7.6–16.2) | 20.7 (18.7–23.6) | 0.018 |
B | 50.1 (47.5–54.7) | 54.1 (46.3–61.7) | 50.3 (46.1–54.4) | |
C/D | 30.2 (27.2–33.4) | 34.6 (27.5–42.4) | 28.9 (25.4–32.7) | |
Parity | ||||
Primiparous | 61.7 (57.9–65.2) | 28.7 (22.7–35.3) | 71.4 (57.9–65.2) | < 0.001 |
Multiparous | 38.3 (34.7–42.0) | 71.3 (64.6–77.2) | 28.5 (24.9–32.4) | |
Previous caesarean section (n = 925) | ||||
No | 90.1 (87.4–92.1) | 64.2 (56.3–71.3) | 97.7 (96.6–98.4) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 9.9 (7.8–12.5) | 35.8 (28.6–43.6) | 2.3 (1.5–3.4) | |
Access to information (n = 937) | ||||
Less than 3 information | 18.5 (16.0–21.2) | 16.1 (11.6–21.7) | 19.3 (16.3–22.5) | 0.313 |
More than 4 information | 81.5 (78.7–83.9) | 83.9 (78.2–88.3) | 80.7 (77.4–83.6) | |
Pregnancy complication (n = 937) | ||||
No | 85.6 (82.7–88.0) | 81.2 (73.9–86.7) | 86.9 (83.8–89.5) | 0.077 |
Yes | 14.4 (11.9–17.2) | 18.8 (13.2–26.0) | 13.1 (10.4–16.3) | |
Preference type of birth early pregnancy (n = 937) | ||||
No | 7.2 (5.5–9.2) | 7.4 (4.5–11.7) | 7.1(5.3–9.6) | 0.922 |
Yes | 92.8 (90.7–94.4) | 92.6 (88.2–95.4) | 92.8 (90.3–94.6) | |
Planned pregnancy (n = 936) | ||||
No | 40.9 (37.4–44.5) | 43.7 (36.4–51.2) | 40.1 (36.1–44.2) | 0.416 |
Yes | 59.1 (55.4–62.5) | 56.3 (48.8–63.5) | 59.9 (48.8–63.5) | |
Incentive to birth plan (n = 937) | ||||
No | 72.9 (23.9–30.5) | 63.5 (55.7–70.5) | 75.7 (71.8–79.1) | 0.002 |
Yes | 27.1 (23.9–30.5) | 36.5 (29.4–44.2) | 24.3 (20.8–28.1) | |
Antenatal group (n = 936) | ||||
No | 65.2 (61.6–68.5) | 67.9 (60.6–74.4) | 64.3 (60.2–68.2) | 0.398 |
Yes | 34.8 (31.4–38.3) | 32.1 (25.6–39.3) | 35.6 (31.7–39.7) | |
Oriented to Seek Maternity PPA (n = 937) | ||||
No | 88.6 (86.3–90.5) | 87.9 (83.6–91.2) | 88.9 (86.0–91.0) | 0.702 |
Yes | 11.4 (9.4–13.6) | 12.1 (8.7–16.3) | 11.1 (8.9–13.9) | |
Participation in decision (n = 931) | ||||
Excellent/Good | 94.9 (92.7–96.4) | 94.6 (89.4–97.3) | 95.1 (92.4–96.7) | 0.847 |
Fair/Bad/Terrible | 5.1 (3.5–7.2) | 5.4 (2.7–10.5) | 4.9 (3.2–7.5) | |
Respectful treatment (n = 934) | ||||
Excellent/Good | 96.4 (94.4–97.6) | 93.8 (88.8–96.6) | 97.1 (94.9–98.3) | 0.062 |
Fair/Bad/Terrible | 3.6 (23.8–55.3) | 6.2 (3.4–11.1) | 2.9 (1.6–5.0) | |
Satisfaction with childbirth (n = 934) | ||||
Excellent/Good | 97.7 (96.1–98.6) | 97.4 (94.0–98.8) | 97.8 (95.8–98.8) | 0.752 |
Fair/Bad/Terrible | 2.3 (13.7–3.8) | 2.6 (1.1–5.9) | 2.2 (1.1–4.1) | |
Satisfaction with baby care (n = 929) | ||||
Excellent/Good | 98.1 (96.5–98.9) | 96.8 (92.1–98.7) | 98.5 (96.6–99.3) | 0.238 |
Fair/Bad/Terrible | 1.9 (1.0–3.4) | 3.1 (1.2–7.8) | 1.5 (0.7–3.3) | |
Caesarean-section | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 1411) | Usual care (n = 533) | PPA (n = 878) | ||
Woman’s age (n = 1411) | ||||
14–19 years | 1.6 (1.0–2.4) | 0.3 (0.1–0.11) | 2.4 (1.5–3.7) | 0.001 |
20–34 years | 69.4 (66.5–72.2) | 66.4 (61.7–70.7) | 71.4 (67.5–74.9) | |
35 or more years | 29.0 (26.1–31.8) | 33.3 (28.9–37.9) | 26.2 (22.7–30.0) | |
Woman’s education (n = 1411) | ||||
Complete or incomplete high school | 23.1 (21.1–25.1) | 22.9 (19.5–26.5) | 23.2 (20.6–25.9) | 0.878 |
Complete and incomplete higher education | 76.9 (74.8–78.8) | 77.1 (73.4–80.4) | 76.7 (74.0–79.3) | |
Economic status (n = 1411) | ||||
A | 15.9 (14.0–17.8) | 16.6 (13.4–20.1) | 15.5 (13.2–17.9) | 0.160 |
B | 56.1 (53.1–58.9) | 52.5 (47.7–57.2) | 58.3 (54.3–62.0) | |
C/D | 28.0 (25.5–30.6) | 30.9 (26.6–35.5) | 26.2 (22.9–29.8) | |
Parity | ||||
Primipara | 72.9 (70.1–75.4) | 45.3 (40.7–50.0) | 89.7 (87.4–91.4) | < 0.001 |
Multiparous | 27.1 (24.5–29.8) | 54.7 (50.0–59.2) | 10.3 (8.5–12.5) | |
Previous caesarean section | ||||
No | 80.0 (77.4–82.3) | 55.5 (50.7–60.2) | 94.9 (93.5–96.0) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 20.0 (17.6–22.5) | 44.5 (39.7–49.2) | 8.1 (4.0–6.4) | |
Access to information (n = 1411) | ||||
Less than 3 information | 22.5 (20.2–24.9) | 19.5 (16.0–23.3) | 24.3 (21.4–27.5) | 0.051 |
More than 4 information | 77.4 (75.1–79.7) | 80.5 (76.6–83.9) | 75.6 (72.4–78.5) | |
Pregnancy complication (n = 1411) | ||||
No | 72.2 (69.4–74.8) | 68.9 (64.1–73.2) | 74.3 (70.8–77.5) | 0.055 |
Yes | 27.7 (25.1–30.5) | 31.1 (26.7–35.8) | 25.7 (22.4–29.1) | |
Preference type of birth early pregnancy (n = 1411) | ||||
No | 9.1 (7.4–11.0) | 9.1 (6.7–12.2) | 9.0 (7.0–11.6) | 0.972 |
Yes | 90.9 (92.5–92.5) | 90.9 (87.7–93.2) | 91.0 (88.3–92.9) | |
Planned pregnancy (n = 1411) | ||||
No | 35.1 (32.3–37.9) | 36.8 (32.3–41.4) | 34.1 (30.6–37.7) | 0.369 |
Yes | 64.8 (62.0–67.6) | 63.2 (58.5–67.6) | 65.9 (62.2–69.3) | |
Incentive to birth plan (n = 1411) | ||||
No | 82.3 (79.8–84.5) | 83.0 (79.1–86.2) | 81.9 (78.6–84.8) | 0.686 |
Yes | 17.6 (15.4–20.1) | 17.0 (13.7–20.9) | 18.0 (15.1–21.3) | |
Antenatal group (n = 1411) | ||||
No | 64.4 (61.4–67.3) | 66.6 (62.0–70.8) | 63.1 (59.1–66.8) | 0.245 |
Yes | 35.6 (32.7–38.5) | 33.4 (29.1–37.9) | 36.9 (33.1–40.8) | |
Oriented to Seek Maternity PPA (n = 1410) | ||||
No | 91.0 (89.2–92.5) | 89.7 (86.7–92.0) | 91.8 (89.5–93.6) | 0.197 |
Yes | 9.0 (7.4–10.7) | 10.3 (7.9–13.2) | 8.2 (6.3–10.4) | |
Moment that Cesarean was decided | ||||
Antenatal care | 40.3 (37.3–43.3) | 55.4 (50.5–60.1) | 31.1 (27.5–34.9) | < 0.001 |
During hospitalization due | 10.6 (8.9–12.6) | 9.4 (6.8–12.8) | 11.3 (9.2–13.8) | |
Complication | 14.9 (12.8–17.3) | 13.1 (9.9–17.0) | 16.1 (13.4–19.2) | |
Admission at delivery room | 34.1 (31.2–37.1) | 22.0 (18.3–26.3) | 41.4 (37.5–45.4) | |
Participation in decision (n = 1402) | ||||
No | 94.0 (92.5–95.1) | 94.1 (91.4–95.9) | 94.0 (92.5–95.1) | 0.917 |
Yes | 6.0 (4.8–7.4) | 5.9 (4.0–8.5) | 6.0 (4.8–7.4) | |
Respectful treatment (n = 1405) | ||||
Excellent/Good | 96.5 (95.3–97.3) | 97.0 (95.2–98.2) | 96.1 (94.4–97.3) | 0.384 |
Fair/Bad/Terrible | 3.5 (2.6–4.6) | 3.0 (1.7–4.8) | 3.9 (2.6–5.5) | |
Satisfaction with childbirth (n = 1405) | ||||
Excellent/Good | 96.9 (95.8–97.7) | 97.3 (95.3–98.4) | 96.9 (95.2–97.7) | 0.579 |
Fair/Bad/Terrible | 3.0 (2.2–4.1) | 2.7 (1.5–4.6) | 3.1 (2.2–4.7) | |
Satisfaction with baby care (n = 1398) | ||||
Excellent/Good | 97.9 (96.9–98.5) | 97.4 (95.7–98.4) | 98.2 (96.8–99.0) | 0.336 |
Fair/Bad/Terrible | 2.1 (1.4–3.1) | 2.6 (1.5–4.3) | 1.8 (0.1–3.1) | |