Table 1 Summary of characteristics of the included studies
Characteristics | Number (N = 45) | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|
Study design | ||
Cross-sectional | 41 | 91.1 |
Case–control | 1 | 2.2 |
Cohort | 3 | 6.7 |
Geopolitical zone | ||
North-east (NE) | 2 | 4.4 |
North-west (NW) | 9 | 20.0 |
North-central (NC) | 6 | 13.3 |
South-east (SE) | 8 | 17.8 |
South-south (SS) | 9 | 20.0 |
South-west (SW) | 10 | 20.2 |
Multiple zones | 1 | 2.2 |
Hierarchy of facility service | ||
Tertiary | 36 | 80.0 |
Secondary | 7 | 15.6 |
Mixed | 1 | 2.2 |
Not defined | 1 | 2.2 |
Facility type | ||
Public | 37 | 82.2 |
Private/religious | 6 | 13.3 |
Mixed | 2 | 4.4 |
Study period | ||
2000–2014 (pre-WHO statement) | 32 | 71.1 |
2015–2022 (post-WHO statement) | 8 | 17.8 |
Overlaps both periods | 5 | 11.1 |