Table 4 Factors associated with healthcare facility for delivery in Togo

Healthcare facility

Age groups (15–24)

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 25–34

1.01

[0.85,1.21]

0.91

[0.46,1.79]

0.91

[0.75,1.11]

1.48^**

[1.15,1.91]

1.19

[0.53,2.64]

1.48^**

[1.13,1.94]

 35–49

0.67^***

[0.55,0.80]

0.75

[0.35,1.60]

0.68^***

[0.56,0.84]

1.59^**

[1.16,2.18]

1.65

[0.58,4.67]

1.56^**

[1.12,2.17]

Education (no education)

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Primary

2.66^***

[2.28,3.10]

2.05^**

[1.19,3.53]

2.24^***

[1.89,2.64]

1.62^***

[1.34,1.96]

1.42

[0.75,2.67]

1.61^***

[1.32,1.97]

 Secondary and higher

9.59^***

[7.38,12.46]

10.24^***

[4.22,24.88]

5.62^***

[4.23,7.46]

3.47^***

[2.55,4.73]

5.45^***

[2.02,14.77]

3.21^***

[2.32,4.46]

Religion (Christian)

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Muslim

0.90

[0.74,1.10]

0.30^***

[0.17,0.53]

1.11

[0.89,1.39]

1.36^*

[1.07,1.74]

0.58

[0.29,1.15]

1.61^***

[1.24,2.10]

 Indigenous beliefs

0.22^***

[0.19,0.26]

0.20^***

[0.09,0.42]

0.36^***

[0.30,0.42]

0.59^***

[0.49,0.71]

0.53

[0.22,1.30]

0.61^***

[0.50,0.75]

Ethnicity (Adja-ewe/Mina)

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Kabye/Tem

0.46^***

[0.37,0.56]

0.34^**

[0.16,0.69]

0.68^***

[0.54,0.86]

0.73^*

[0.55,0.97]

0.57

[0.24,1.31]

0.78

[0.57,1.06]

 Akposso/Akebou

0.40^***

[0.27,0.58]

0.36

[0.08,1.64]

0.63^*

[0.42,0.95]

0.58^*

[0.38,0.90]

0.36

[0.07,1.74]

0.62^*

[0.39,0.97]

 Ana-ife

0.48^***

[0.31,0.75]

0.46

[0.06,3.64]

0.79

[0.49,1.27]

0.87

[0.52,1.45]

0.70

[0.08,5.95]

0.89

[0.53,1.52]

 Para-gourma/Akan

0.21^***

[0.17,0.25]

0.26^***

[0.12,0.55]

0.34^***

[0.27,0.42]

0.59^***

[0.43,0.82]

0.43

[0.16,1.14]

0.62^**

[0.44,0.88]

 Other

0.26^***

[0.18,0.39]

0.13^**

[0.03,0.48]

0.46^***

[0.30,0.70]

0.60^*

[0.37,0.98]

0.28

[0.06,1.36]

0.61

[0.36,1.03]

 Non-togolese

1.25

[0.78,2.00]

0.34^*

[0.14,0.81]

1.06

[0.56,2.01]

0.74

[0.43,1.26]

0.48

[0.19,1.23]

1.06

[0.53,2.13]

Residence (Urban)

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Rural

0.09^***

[0.07,0.11]

0.93

[0.57,1.53]

Region (Grande agglomération de Lomé)

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Maritime

0.19^***

[0.11,0.30]

0.98

[0.51,1.86]

 Plateaux

0.07^***

[0.05,0.11]

0.31^**

[0.14,0.67]

0.39^***

[0.28,0.53]

0.39^**

[0.21,0.72]

0.27^**

[0.11,0.67]

0.42^***

[0.29,0.60]

 Centrale

0.11^***

[0.07,1.18]

0.52

[0.22,1.23]

0.58^**

[0.41,0.81]

0.63

[0.34,1.18]

1.11

[0.40,3.08]

0.62^*

[0.41,0.95]

 Kara

0.05^***

[0.03,0.08]

0.25^***

[0.12,0.54]

0.26^***

[0.19,0.36]

0.50^*

[0.27,0.93]

0.48

[0.19,1.24]

0.51^**

[0.34,0.78]

 Savanes

0.04^***

[0.02,0.05]

0.24^***

[0.12,0.51]

0.20^***

[0.15,0.26]

0.62

[0.33,1.18]

0.88

[0.31,2.50]

0.64^*

[0.41,0.99]

Health insurance (No)

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Yes

6.45^***

[3.29,12.65]

4.98

[0.68,36.29]

4.35^***

[2.08,9.10]

2.36^*

[1.12,4.94]

2.62

[0.33,20.80]

2.29^*

[1.03,5.11]

Parity (1–2)

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 3–4

0.62^***

[0.52,0.74]

0.45^*

[0.24,0.83]

0.70^***

[0.58,0.86]

0.68^**

[0.53,0.88]

0.55

[0.26,1.16]

0.72^*

[0.55,0.94]

  > 4

0.31^***

[0.26,0.37]

0.26^***

[0.13,0.50]

0.46^***

[0.38,0.55]

0.62^***

[0.47,0.83]

0.44

[0.17,1.11]

0.66^**

[0.49,0.88]

Last child wanted (No)

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Yes

1.04

[0.79,1.36]

1.36

[0.61,3.06]

1.28

[0.94,1.74]

Currently employed (No)

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Yes

0.62^***

[0.51,0.76]

1.94^*

[1.12,3.35]

0.59^***

[0.47,0.74]

0.90

[0.71,1.14]

2.18^*

[1.16,4.09]

0.78

[0.61,0.99]

Wealth index (Poorest)

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Poorer

2.12^***

[1.77,2.54]

1.52

[0.25,9.29]

2.13^***

[1.78,2.55]

1.60^***

[1.31,1.97]

1.01

[0.14,7.02]

1.62^***

[1.32,1.99]

 Middle

4.68^***

[3.81,5.75]

3.11

[0.75,12.86]

4.66^***

[3.77,5.75]

2.67^***

[2.09,3.40]

2.29

[0.47,11.22]

2.70^***

[2.11,3.46]

 Richer

19.80^***

[14.05,27.92]

11.09^***

[3.08,39.96]

22.41^***

[10.95,45.89]

6.75^***

[4.04,11.30]

5.96^*

[1.31,27.21]

8.30^***

[3.95,17.44]

 Richest

44.67^***

[27.29,73.12]

27.07^***

[7.20,101.80]

11.89^***

[1.54,91.70]

8.53^***

[4.06,17.92]

8.39^**

[1.65,42.56]

2.04

[0.25,16.15]