Table 2 Baseline regression and robustness tests

UPHES

0.105***

0.058**

0.046*

0.107**

(0.018)

(0.023)

(0.024)

(0.047)

Age

− 0.060***

− 0.060***

− 0.119***

(0.002)

(0.002)

(0.003)

Edu

− 0.034

− 0.037*

− 0.053

(0.022)

(0.022)

(0.043)

Party_member

− 0.000

0.006

0.008

(0.039)

(0.039)

(0.074)

Work

− 0.454***

− 0.480***

− 0.960***

(0.021)

(0.021)

(0.040)

Marital

− 0.551***

− 0.568***

− 1.042***

(0.048)

(0.048)

(0.096)

Insurance

0.075***

0.063**

0.130***

(0.026)

(0.026)

(0.050)

Child

− 1.039***

− 1.086***

− 2.116***

(0.016)

(0.016)

(0.031)

Spo_edu

0.040*

0.031

0.055

(0.021)

(0.022)

(0.043)

Age_gap

− 0.029

− 0.019

− 0.030

(0.029)

(0.029)

(0.057)

Ethnic

0.119***

0.077***

0.105*

(0.026)

(0.028)

(0.054)

Income

0.090***

0.070***

0.155***

(0.018)

(0.019)

(0.037)

House_exp

0.062

0.078

0.112

(0.058)

(0.059)

(0.119)

Range_move

− 0.095***

− 0.110***

− 0.226***

(0.017)

(0.021)

(0.041)

Time_move

0.002

0.004*

0.008*

(0.002)

(0.002)

(0.004)

Provincial effect

No

No

Yes

Yes

Constant

− 1.670***

1.465***

1.610***

3.131***

(0.017)

(0.174)

(0.195)

(0.381)

Observations

90,279

90,279

90,279

90,279