Table 5 Directly observed D&A among newborns in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2020 (n = 496)
Categories of Disrespect and abuse | Yes | No |
|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | |
Physical abuse | 204 (41.1) | 292 (58.9) |
Airway suctioning without medical indication | 115 (23.2) | 381 (76.8) |
Shaking or slapping or holding the newborn upside down | 166 (33.5) | 330 (66.5) |
Stigma and discrimination | ||
Considering some ill babies “too sick to save”a | 9 (13.0) | 60 (87.0) |
Discrimination against HIV exposed newbornsb | 3 (75.0) | 1 (25.0) |
Discrimination against newborns with congenital malformationc | 2 (66.7) | 1 (33.3) |
Failure to meet professional standards of care | 494 (99.6) | 2 (0.4) |
The newborn is not dried immediately after birth and is not well covered with a clean and dry towel | 210 (42.3) | 286 (57.7) |
Newborn not placed on mother’s abdomen skin-to-skin | 45 (9.1) | 451 (90.1) |
Cord cut within one minute | 306 (61.7) | 190 (38.3) |
Vitamin K was not administered | 120 (24.2) | 376 (75.8) |
Tetracycline eye ointment was not administered | 9 (1.8) | 487 (98.2) |
Breastfeeding is not initiated within the first hour after birth | 173 (34.9) | 323 (65.1) |
The newborn is separated from the mother/parent/caregiver without medical indication | 0 (0.0) | 496 (100.0) |
Non-consented treatment of a newborn (consent from parents or caregiver)a | 69 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Lack of privacy or confidentiality especially related to the HIV status of infant private (talking about it in a way that others can hear)b | 1 (25.0) | 3 (75.0) |
Crowded conditions, shared beds | 122 (24.6) | 374 (75.4) |
Early discharge from the facility (before 24 h) | 296 (59.7) | 200 (40.3) |
No explanation is given to parents/caregivers at least once about the healthcare services provided to newborn | 464 (93.6) | 32 (6.4) |
Neglect or delay in the provision of care while the newborn needed care at any point during a hospital stay | 51 (10.3) | 445 (89.7) |
Poor rapport between patients and providers | 433 (87.3) | 63 (12.7) |
Parent/caregiver is not counseled on breastfeeding counseling and thermal support during the immediate postpartum period | 433 (87.3) | 63 (12.7) |