Table 3 Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression results for association between health insurance and ovulatory cycle knowledge among reproductive age women in SSA: evidence from 29 SSA countries’ DHS

Health insurance

 No

Ref.

Ref.

 Yes

2.11 (1.83–2.44)***

1.27 (1.02–1.57)*

Women’s age

 15–19

Ref.

Ref.

 20–24

1.83 (1.55–2.16) ***

0.80 (0.51–1.28)

 25–29

1.78 (1.48–2.13) ***

0.99 (0.62–1.60)

 30–34

1.70 (1.42–2.04) ***

0.96 (0.60–1.55)

 35–39

1.89 (1.58–2.27) ***

1.16 (0.72–1.86)

 40–44

1.67 (1.36–2.05) ***

1.17 (0.70–1.96)

 45–49

1.93 (1.57–2.38) ***

1.21 (0.72–2.03)

Women’s educational level

 No formal education

Ref.

Ref.

 Primary school

1.22 (1.02–1.46) *

1.26 (0.98–1.63)

 Secondary school

1.94 (1.61–2.35) ***

1.72 (1.29–2.31)***

 Higher

4.63 (3.63–5.91) ***

2.83 (1.95–4.09)***

Husband educational level

 No formal education

Ref.

Ref.

 Primary school

1.02 (0.83–1.26)

0.78 (0.58–1.04)

 Secondary school

1.59 (1.27–1.98) ***

0.95 (0.69–1.32)

 Higher

2.49 (1.94–3.19) ***

0.87 (0.60–1.25)

Economic status

 Poorest

Ref.

Ref.

 Poorer

1.22 (1.04–1.43) *

0.98 (0.78–1.23)

 Middle

1.34 (1.14–1.58) ***

0.97 (0.76–1.23)

 Richer

1.66 (1.41–1.95) ***

1.12 (0.87–1.44)

 Richest

2.49 (2.09–2.97) ***

1.39 (1.04–1.87)*

Parity

 One

Ref.

Ref.

 2–4

0.79 (0.68–0.92) **

0.80 (0.65–0.99)*

 5 + 

0.66 (0.55–0.78) ***

0.76 (0.57- 1.00)

Marital status

 Not married

Ref.

Ref.

 Married

1.12 (0.99–1.25)

NA

Household head

 Male

Ref.

Ref.

 Female

1.14 (1.02–1.26) *

1.16 (1.01–1.33)*

Currently employed

 No

Ref.

Ref.

 Yes

1.25 (1.12–1.40)***

0.99 (0.85–1.15)

Media exposure

 No

Ref.

Ref.

 Yes

1.51 (1.27–1.80) ***

1.00 (0.80–1.24)

Place of residence

 Urban

Ref.

Ref.

 Rural

0.70 (0.62–0.79) ***

1.10 (0.93–1.30)

Distance to health facility

 Big problem

Ref.

Ref.

 Not a big problem

1.36 (1.21–1.53) ***

1.03 (0.88–1.21)