Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
From: Effect of online intervention mode on breastfeeding results: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Author/year (country) | Sample (I/C) | Mean age (I/C) | Intervention time and method | Control | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sari 2020 [15] (Turkey) | 35/36 | I = 27.54 ± 2.71 C = 27.52 ± 3.74 | Late pregnancy; web-based neonatal care education and provide breastfeeding knowledge | Usual care | Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 3 months postpartum |
Hannula 2014 [16] (Finland) | 431/274 | I = 30.7 ± 4.1 C = 30.9 ± 4.6 | 20 weeks gestation to 1 year postpartum; Online Breastfeeding Consultation Platform | Usual care | Breastfeeding attitude; Breastfeeding confidence; Breastfeeding rate at discharge |
Seguranyes 2014 [17] (Spain) | 276/718 | I = 31.22 ± 4.71 C = 31.13 ± 4.76 | 6 weeks postpartum; Provide CD-ROM and breastfeeding telephone consultation system | Usual care | Breastfeeding rate at discharge; |
Galleoas 2014 [18] (Australia) | 114/86 | I = 31 ± 4.0 C = 30 ± 5.0 | Within 8 weeks postpartum; Push breastfeeding knowledge through SMS | Usual care | Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 3 months postpartum |
Labarèr 2011 [19] (France) | 236/258 | No reported | Within 26 weeks postpartum; provide CD-ROM and online consultation platform | Usual care | Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 1 month postpartum |
Scott 2013 [20] (USA) | 48/50 | No reported | 6 weeks postpartum; Breastfeeding online health education platform, and SMS push breastfeeding knowledge | Usual care | Breastfeeding attitude |
Fahami 2013 [21] (Iran) | 36/36 | No reported | Within 2 weeks postpartum; Breastfeeding health education APP | Usual care | Breastfeeding knowledge |
Bonuck2014 [22] (USA) | 129/133 | I = 28.2 ± 5.9 C = 28.1 ± 5.6 | 20 weeks gestation to 3 months postpartum; Postpartum telephone follow-up and home visits to provide breast milk health knowledge | Usual care | Breastfeeding rate at discharge; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 1 month postpartum; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 3 months postpartum; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 months postpartum |
Ahmed 2016 [23] (USA) | 49/57 | I = 30.7 ± 4.1 C = 30.9 ± 4.6 | From 20 weeks of gestation to 1 year postpartum; Online breastfeeding counseling platform | Usual care | Breastfeeding rate at discharge; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 1 month postpartum; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 3 months postpartum; |
Seyyedi 2021 [24] (Iran) | 40/40 | No reported | 3 months postpartum; Breastfeeding Health Education APP and mobile phone text messages provide breastfeeding knowledge | Usual care | Breastfeeding attitude; Breastfeeding knowledge; Breastfeeding confidence |
Uzunçakmak 2022 [25] (Turkey) | 31/37 | No reported | 6 months postpartum; Breastfeeding Health Education APP provides breastfeeding knowledge | Usual care | Breastfeeding confidence |
Hmone 2023 [12] (Australia) | 179/174 | No reported | From the third trimester to 6 months postpartum; SMS text messages for breastfeeding information | Usual care | Breastfeeding knowledge; Breastfeeding confidence; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 1 month postpartum; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 3 months postpartum; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 4 months postpartum |
Patel 2018 [26] (India) | 519/518 | No reported | From the third trimester to 6 months postpartum; Postpartum telephone follow-up and mobile phone text messages to provide breastfeeding knowledge | Usual care | Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 weeks postpartum; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 3 months postpartum; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 months postpartum |
Shen 2013 [42] (China) | 211/203 | No reported | From 16 weeks of pregnancy to delivery; mobile phone text messages provide breastfeeding knowledge | Usual care | Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 4 months postpartum |
Wang 2019 [43] (China) | 129/129 | I = 27.51 ± 6.19 C = 28.16 ± 6.31 | From the third trimester to 6 months postpartum; Postpartum telephone follow-up and WeChat platform provides breastfeeding knowledge | Usual care | Breastfeeding confidence; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 1 month postpartum; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 3 months postpartum; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 months postpartum; |
Guo 2017 [44] (China) | 100/100 | I = 31.1 ± 1.2 C = 30.5 ± 3.8 | 6 weeks postpartum; WeChat platform provides breastfeeding knowledge | Usual care | Breastfeeding knowledge; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 weeks postpartum |
Gao 2019 [30] (China) | 85/82 | I = 23.97 ± 7.28 C = 25.78 ± 6.22 | Within 42d postpartum; WeChat platform provides breastfeeding knowledge | Usual care | Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 weeks postpartum |
Fang 2018 [31] (China) | 150/150 | I = 23.01 ± 2.66 C = 23.38 ± 2.51 | Childbirth to 6 months postpartum; WeChat platform provides breastfeeding knowledge | Usual care | Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 months postpartum |
Yu 2019 [32] (China) | 83/80 | I = 28.0 ± 2.6 C = 27.8 ± 2.4 | First trimester to 42 days postpartum; WeChat platform provides breastfeeding knowledge | Usual care | Breastfeeding knowledge; Breastfeeding confidence; Breastfeeding rate at discharge; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 weeks postpartum |
Wu 2020 [27] (China) | 108/109 | No reported | 12 weeks pregnant to 6 months postpartum; WeChat platform provides breastfeeding knowledge | Usual care | Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 1 months postpartum; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 3 months postpartum; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 4 months postpartum |
Cai 2016 [33] (China) | 460/661 | No reported | Discharged to 8 months postpartum; WeChat platform provides breastfeeding knowledge | Usual care | Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 3 months postpartum; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 months postpartum |
Ding 2016 [34] (China) | 79/79 | I = 28.00 ± 2.64 C = 27.76 ± 2.40 | From 20 to 28 weeks of gestation to delivery; Mobile phone text messages, QQ or wechat provide breastfeeding knowledge | Usual care | Breastfeeding attitude; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 1 month postpartum; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 4 months postpartum; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 months postpartum |
Zhang 2018 [35] (China) | 50/50 | I = 27.56 ± 3. 17 C = 28.02 ± 2. 41 | Discharged to 6 months postpartum; WeChat and QQ push breastfeeding knowledge | Usual care | Breastfeeding attitude; Breastfeeding knowledge; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 1 month postpartum; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 3 months postpartum; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 months postpartum |
Zhang 2019 [36] (China) | 61/45 | No reported | Within 42d postpartum; WeChat platform provides breastfeeding knowledge | Usual care | Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 weeks postpartum; |
Zou 2020 [37] (China) | 100/100 | I = 30.91 ± 3.80 C = 28.01 ± 4.30 | Childbirth to 6 months postpartum; | Usual care | Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 weeks postpartum; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 months postpartum |
Li 2023 [38] (China) | 66/65 | No reported | From the third trimester to 6 months postpartum; Breastfeeding health education APP and WeChat platform | Usual care | Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 months postpartum |
Ji 2022 [39] (China) | 120/120 | I = 23.87 ± 6.58 C = 24.01 ± 6.95 | Late pregnancy; Breastfeeding health education APP and WeChat platform | Usual care | Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 weeks postpartum; |
Jiang 2014 [28] (China) | 265/286 | No reported | 28 weeks gestation to 1 year postpartum; Push breastfeeding knowledge through SMS | Usual care | Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 months postpartum; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 months postpartum |
Huang 2007 [45] (China) | 60/60 | I = 29.3 ± 3.1 C = 29.4 ± 3.61 | First trimester lasts until 2 weeks postpartum; Online breastfeeding consultation platform and postpartum telephone follow-up | Usual care | Breastfeeding knowledge; Breastfeeding attitude; Breastfeeding rate at discharge; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 1 month postpartum; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 weeks postpartum |
Zhang 2015 [40] (China) | 100/100 | No reported | Within 42d postpartum; Remote network video breastfeeding health education | Usual care | Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 weeks postpartum |
Luo 2020 [41] (China) | 124/124 | No reported | 8 weeks of gestation until delivery; Wechat platform provides breastfeeding knowledge | Usual care | Breastfeeding rate at discharge |
Zhou 2022 [11] (China) | 40/40 | No reported | From 24 weeks of pregnancy to 42 days postpartum; Breastfeeding online health education learning platform | Usual care | Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 weeks postpartum; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 4 months postpartum; Exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 months postpartum |