Table 6 Results of bivariable multinomial logistic regression analysis to identify predictors of partial and adequate maternal health service uptake in West African countries, 2013–2021

Individual-level factors

 Age in years

  15–24

1.17(1.09, 1.25)

1.11(1.03, 1.19)

  25–34

1.21(1.13, 1.28)

1.24(1.15, 1.32)

  35–49

Ref

Ref

 Marital status

  In marital relationship

Ref

Ref

  Not in union

1.14(0.90, 1.40)

1.51(1.22, 1.83)

 Educational status

  No education

Ref

Ref

  Primary

3.26( 3.00, 3.55)

4.59(4.19, 5.02)

  Secondary and above

4.70(2.81, 5.70)

6.02(4.44, 7.79)

 Occupational status

  Employed

0.74(0.70, 0.79)

0.86(0.80, 0.92)

  Un employed

Ref

Ref

 Family size

   ≤ 5memeber

1.25(1.21, 1.35)

1.44(1.36, 1.53)

   > 5 member

1

1

 Head of household

  Male

Ref

Ref

  Female

1.63(1.38, 1.78)

2.00( 1.82, 2.18)

 Wealth index combined

  Poorest

Ref

Ref

  Poorer

1.46(1.37, 1.55)

1.70(1.58, 1.84)

  Middle

1.87(1.65, 2.10)

4.01(3.67, 4.39)

  Richer

3.12(2.52, 4.78)

5.31( 3.22, 6.51)

  Richest

8.12(6.40, 10.69)

12.88(10.26, 15.31)

 Parity

  Nulliparous

Ref

Ref

  Primiparous

2.00(1.60, 2.51)

3.70(2.81, 4.86)

  Multiparous

1.45(1.17, 1.80)

2.22(1.70, 2.89)

  Grand multiparous

1.01(0.81, 1.26)

1.23(0.94, 1.60)

 Planning status of last pregnancy

  Wanted

1.76(1.63, 1.89)

1.94( 1.79, 2.10)

  Unwanted

Ref

Ref

 Reading newspaper

  Not at all

Ref

Ref

  Less than once a week

1.54(1.33, 4.10)

1.49(1.11, 1.91)

  At least once a week

2.51(1.84, 2.97)

1.34(1.12, 1.46)

 Listening to a radio

  Not at all

Ref

Ref

  Less than once a week

2.04(1.90, 2.18)

2.96(2.74, 3.19)

   ≥ Once per week

2.76(2.57, 2.97)

5.05(4.67, 5.45)

 Watching TV

  Not at all

Ref

Ref

  Less than once a week

2.91(2.66, 3.18)

3.22(2.83, 3.64)

   ≥ Once per week

3.41(2.73, 4.83)

4.51(3.23, 5.35)

 Distance to a health facility

  Big problem

Ref

Ref

  Not a big problem

2.02(1.92, 2.13)

2.64(2.49, 2.81)

 Getting money

  Big problem

Ref

Ref

  Not a big problem

1.75(1.65, 1.84)

2.00(1.89, 2.13)

 Obtaining permission

  Big problem

Ref

Ref

  Not a big problem

1.85(1.74, 1.96)

2.55(2.38, 2.73)

 Covered by health insurance

  Yes

5.55( 4.25, 7.25)

16.28(12.46, 21.28)

  No

Ref

Ref

 Attitude toward wife beating

  Low

2.10(1.96, 2.24)

3.29(3.03, 3.56)

  Middle

1.78(1.64, 1.93)

2.55( 2.31, 2.82)

  High

Ref

Ref

 Autonomy in decision-making

  Low

Ref

Ref

  Middle

1.95(1.78, 2.13)

2.67(2.43, 2.94)

  High

2.76(2.59, 2.93)

3.48(3.25, 3.73)

Community-level factors

 Residence

  Urban

Ref

Ref

  Rural

0.22(0.20, 0.24)

0.14( 0.12, 0.18)

 Community poverty

  Low

2.05(1.92, 2.19)

1.97(1.83, 2.11)

  Middle

1.71(1.61, 1.82)

1.93(1.80, 2.06)

  High

Ref

Ref