Impact of postpartum weight change on metabolic syndrome and its components among women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus

Table 2 Changes in metabolic parameters within and between groups

Metabolic parameter	Weight loss > 2 kg (n = 30)				Weight stability ± 2 kg (n = 85)				Weight gain > 2 kg (n = 56)
	6 weeks	6 months	Change	p value^a	6 weeks	6 months	Change	p value^a	6 weeks	6 months	Change	p value^a	p value^b
WC (cm)	85.2 ± 10.8	78.6 ± 10.1	− 6.6 ± 4.4^c,d	< 0.001	84.2 ± 10.5	82.5 ± 11.5	− 1.7 ± 4.4^c	< 0.001	86.7 ± 11.9	89.3 ± 12.1	2.6 ± 5.1	< 0.001	< 0.001
Systolic BP (mmHg)	121.0 ± 10.3	118.9 ± 11.7	− 2.1 ± 12.3	0.359	118.4 ± 12.1	118.8 ± 12.3	0.4 ± 10.8	0.757	123.0 ± 13.0	122.9 ± 12.9	− 0.1 ± 12.4	0.923	0.602
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	72.9 ± 9.2	74.1 ± 8.7	1.2 ± 11.9	0.564	73.4 ± 10.8	73.5 ± 10.9	0.1 ± 8.9	0.913	76.9 ± 9.9	76.6 ± 11.6	− 0.3 ± 9.3	0.833	0.761
FPG (mg/dL)	91.7 ± 9.3	92.8 ± 9.3	1.1 ± 7.4^c,d	0.422	92.6 ± 25.9	103.9 ± 36.9	11.3 ± 21.6	< 0.001	94.0 ± 16.9	105.0 ± 29.4	11.0 ± 15.7	< 0.001	0.029
TG (mg/dL)	127.7 ± 76.5	82.0 ± 50.1	− 45.7 ± 49.1^d	< 0.001	126.0 ± 76.7	112.3 ± 68.2	− 13.7 ± 60.7	0.041	151.5 ± 78.4	130.1 ± 62.0	− 21.4 ± 51.5	0.003	0.030
HDL-C (mg/dL)	61.9 ± 19.4	62.2 ± 18.5	0.3 ± 8.1	0.824	60.5 ± 15.9	58.8 ± 16.0	− 1.7 ± 10.6	0.130	57.9 ± 14.6	53.7 ± 13.4	− 4.2 ± 8.0	< 0.001	0.121

Data are presented as the mean ± SD
BP blood pressure, EBF exclusive breastfeeding, FPG fasting plasma glucose, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SD standard deviation, TG triglycerides, WC waist circumference
^aChanges over time within each group were analyzed using the paired t-test
^bChanges between groups were analyzed using a one-way analysis of covariance using the weight at 6 weeks postpartum and EBF at 6 months postpartum as covariates
^cp < 0.05, compared with the weight gain group
^dp < 0.05, compared with the weight stability group

ISSN: 1742-4755